Energy Explorer
Where does India's power come from — and how far has the clean-energy transition actually gone? For every state: the renewable energy it could generate, the renewables it has built, its total installed capacity, the coal under its ground — and how much of its own potential it has used. Plus a decade of the national picture: capacity, generation, consumption, per-capita use, energy intensity and the rising renewable share. Drawn from Energy Statistics India 2025, the government's official energy account, and cross-checked against the Central Electricity Authority.
What this shows — and what it can't
This explorer sits on the supply and resource side of India's energy account: what each state could produce from renewables, what it has installed, its total capacity and its coal reserves — and a derived view of how much of its renewable potential each state has actually built. Read together they tell the transition story: some states are rich in potential but have built little; some sit on huge coal reserves that make moving away harder. What this report does not break down by state is the demand side — electricity consumption, per-capita use and village electrification are published as national figures only (India reached 100% village electrification by March 2022). So there is no "per-capita power by state" here; those national trends are shown on their own, honestly labelled, and where two official sources measure the same thing differently, the explorer says so.
▸ How to read this explorer
- Start with the question. Tap any underlined word to change the measure or the view.
- Five state measures: renewable potential and installed renewables (MW), total capacity (GW), coal reserves (MT), and % of potential built (a derived ratio). Each is a snapshot dated 31 March / 1 April 2024.
- Seven national trends: capacity, generation, consumption, coal production, per-capita electricity, energy intensity and the renewable share — each a 10-year line, 2014-15 to 2023-24.
- State figures are a snapshot, not a trend — this source gives one year by state. Only the national series run year on year.
Making sense of the numbers
What the state measures mean. Renewable potential is the maximum capacity a state could install across wind, solar, small hydro, biomass and bagasse cogeneration plus large hydro, as estimated by MNRE — a ceiling, not a plan. Installed renewable capacity is grid-interactive renewables actually connected today (solar, wind, bio-power, small hydro, waste-to-energy — it excludes large hydro). Total installed capacity is all utility generation in the state — thermal, hydro, nuclear and renewables. Coal reserves are the geological estimate in the ground (proved + indicated + inferred), not what is mined. % of potential built divides installed renewables by assessed potential; because potential includes large hydro while installed does not, read it as an indicative build-out ratio, not an exact percentage.
Reading it responsibly. A big-potential state that has built little (Rajasthan, Maharashtra) is not "behind" in any moral sense — potential reflects land, wind and sun, while build-out reflects investment, grid access and policy. Coal-rich states (Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh) face a genuinely harder transition because coal is also jobs and state revenue. Total capacity by state excludes inter-state central-sector stations (about 104 GW, roughly a quarter of the national fleet) that aren't allocated to a single state — so the state figures sum to less than the all-India total shown.
Two official numbers, honestly. India's per-capita electricity use here is 1,106 kWh (2023-24) — MoSPI's figure, which divides final electricity consumption by population. The Central Electricity Authority publishes a higher per-capita number (about 1,395 kWh) because it divides gross consumption, including transmission-and-distribution losses, by population. Same country, two valid methods; this explorer uses MoSPI's series and flags the difference rather than hiding it. The national trends also show the real tension of the transition: capacity, generation and the renewable share all climbed, and coal production kept rising (to a provisional 997.83 MT) — growth and greening at once.
Data transcribed verbatim from Energy Statistics India 2025 (Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Government of India): state tables 1.1 (coal reserves), 1.4 (renewable potential), 2.4 (installed capacity) and 2.5 (installed renewables), all dated 31.03.2024 / 01.04.2024; national series from tables 2.3, 3.1, 3.6A, 6.8 and chapter 8 (sustainability indicators). The CEA per-capita comparison is from the Central Electricity Authority General Review. All FY 2023-24 figures are provisional (P). Ladakh is combined with Jammu & Kashmir (as the renewable-potential table does); an unallocated "Others" row and inter-state central-sector stations are excluded from the state rows, so state values may not sum exactly to the published all-India total. This is an independent, source-linked interface for learning and discussion — for methodology and authoritative interpretation, consult MoSPI and CEA directly. ImpactMojo is not affiliated with either.