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Policy Comparisons

Cross-tabulate policy activity across government eras, sectors, types, and sources

Data coverage caveat: These comparisons reflect policies available in digital archives, not total policy output. Pre-2014 eras (especially UPA I & II) are significantly underrepresented because government digital portals have limited historical archival. Higher numbers in NDA eras do not necessarily mean more policymaking — they reflect better digital availability.Read full methodology

Legislative output — a fair comparison

Central Acts enacted per year, counted from India Codeby enactment year (through 2024). One consistent source, measured the same way for every era — so this is comparable, unlike the archive-coverage counts below.

Congress8.2/yr41 Acts · 1991–1995
NDA / UF6.5/yr52 Acts · 1996–2003
UPA8.1/yr81 Acts · 2004–2013
NDA8.5/yr93 Acts · 2014–2024

Archive coverage by era

How many items we hold per era — not policy output. Recent eras dominate because live sources are scraped comprehensively while older years rely on a historical seed. Use the fair comparison above for output.

UPA ICongress-led UPA88items held2004–2009
UPA IICongress-led UPA59items held2009–2014
NDA IBJP-led NDA75items held2014–2019
NDA IIBJP-led NDA149items held2019–2024
NDA IIIBJP-led NDA1316items held2024–Present

Sectors Across Eras

Policy activity heatmap — darker cells indicate more policies tracked in that sector during that government era.

SectorUPA IUPA IINDA INDA IINDA IIITotal
Digital & Technology29162651877999
Social Protection32162238758866
Finance & Economy782119317372
Governance & Reform14241945214316
Energy96910268302
Transport & Infrastructure7345113132
Education17641099136
Climate & Environment5411096116
Health727126189
Trade & Commerce426137095
Science & Innovation41272438
Agriculture23353043
Rural Development74553859
Labour & Employment54372746
Urban Development22713042

Policy Types Across Eras

Distribution of legislation, schemes, notifications, and other policy types across government terms.

TypeUPA IUPA IINDA INDA IINDA IIITotal
act7547467723268
rules4610
bill24648
notification2203205
scheme7819161060
budget22
policy6312517
report13637
release1332524560

Sources Across Eras

Which official sources contributed data in each government era.

SourceUPA IUPA IINDA INDA IINDA IIITotal
India Code5627345516188
SEBI3153156
TRAI143143
IBEF126126
PIB RSS1278696
RBI113113
Archive201827379111
RBI Notif9090
PolicyRadar8888
PIB1163846

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