Policy Comparisons
Cross-tabulate policy activity across government eras, sectors, types, and sources
Data coverage caveat: These comparisons reflect policies available in digital archives, not total policy output.
Pre-2014 eras (especially UPA I & II) are significantly underrepresented because government digital portals have limited historical archival.
Higher numbers in NDA eras do not necessarily mean more policymaking — they reflect better digital availability.
Read full methodology
Government Era Overview
UPA I Congress-led UPA 32 policies tracked 2004–2009
UPA II Congress-led UPA 28 policies tracked 2009–2014
NDA I BJP-led NDA 32 policies tracked 2014–2019
NDA II BJP-led NDA 37 policies tracked 2019–2024
NDA III BJP-led NDA 1898 policies tracked 2024–Present
Sectors Across Eras
Policy activity heatmap — darker cells indicate more policies tracked in that sector during that government era.
| Sector | UPA I | UPA II | NDA I | NDA II | NDA III | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Protection | 10 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1351 | 1374 |
| Digital & Technology | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 1314 | 1331 |
| Energy | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 410 | 422 |
| Governance & Reform | 7 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 210 | 256 |
| Civil Liberties | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 234 | 247 |
| Finance & Economy | 3 | 6 | 14 | 5 | 179 | 207 |
| Health | 5 | 5 | 2 | 160 | 172 | |
| Transport & Infrastructure | 2 | 3 | 2 | 158 | 165 | |
| Education | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 121 | 135 |
| Labour & Employment | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 94 | 106 |
| Agriculture | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 76 | 86 |
| Defence & Security | 1 | 3 | 68 | 72 | ||
| Science & Innovation | 3 | 1 | 5 | 63 | 72 | |
| Trade & Commerce | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 48 | 63 |
| Climate & Environment | 4 | 3 | 4 | 51 | 62 |
Policy Types Across Eras
Distribution of legislation, schemes, notifications, and other policy types across government terms.
| Type | UPA I | UPA II | NDA I | NDA II | NDA III | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| legislation | 12 | 14 | 10 | 17 | 94 | 147 |
| notification | 1 | 88 | 89 | |||
| scheme | 12 | 11 | 19 | 16 | 100 | 158 |
| budget | 16 | 16 | ||||
| research | 1 | 88 | 89 | |||
| announcement | 1 | 1 | 101 | 103 | ||
| policy | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1411 | 1425 |
Sources Across Eras
Which official sources contributed data in each government era.
| Source | UPA I | UPA II | NDA I | NDA II | NDA III | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Hindu | 446 | 446 | ||||
| HT | 243 | 243 | ||||
| DC | 190 | 190 | ||||
| NDTV | 175 | 175 | ||||
| Archive | 20 | 18 | 27 | 37 | 9 | 111 |
| Bar&Bench | 72 | 72 | ||||
| BL | 68 | 68 | ||||
| PIB | 66 | 66 | ||||
| IE | 60 | 60 | ||||
| The Hindu Biz | 59 | 59 |