Policy Comparisons
Cross-tabulate policy activity across government eras, sectors, types, and sources
Data coverage caveat: These comparisons reflect policies available in digital archives, not total policy output.
Pre-2014 eras (especially UPA I & II) are significantly underrepresented because government digital portals have limited historical archival.
Higher numbers in NDA eras do not necessarily mean more policymaking — they reflect better digital availability.
Read full methodology
Government Era Overview
UPA I Congress-led UPA 32 policies tracked 2004–2009
UPA II Congress-led UPA 28 policies tracked 2009–2014
NDA I BJP-led NDA 32 policies tracked 2014–2019
NDA II BJP-led NDA 37 policies tracked 2019–2024
NDA III BJP-led NDA 1898 policies tracked 2024–Present
Sectors Across Eras
Policy activity heatmap — darker cells indicate more policies tracked in that sector during that government era.
| Sector | UPA I | UPA II | NDA I | NDA II | NDA III | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digital & Technology | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 1476 | 1493 |
| Social Protection | 10 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1361 | 1384 |
| Energy | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 442 | 454 |
| Finance & Economy | 3 | 6 | 14 | 5 | 239 | 267 |
| Governance & Reform | 7 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 183 | 229 |
| Health | 5 | 5 | 2 | 182 | 194 | |
| Education | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 163 | 177 |
| Transport & Infrastructure | 2 | 3 | 2 | 168 | 175 | |
| Civil Liberties | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 129 | 142 |
| Agriculture | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 86 | 96 |
| Rural Development | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 72 | 91 |
| Trade & Commerce | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 77 | 92 |
| Climate & Environment | 4 | 3 | 4 | 82 | 93 | |
| Labour & Employment | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 57 | 69 |
| Defence & Security | 1 | 3 | 58 | 62 |
Policy Types Across Eras
Distribution of legislation, schemes, notifications, and other policy types across government terms.
| Type | UPA I | UPA II | NDA I | NDA II | NDA III | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| legislation | 12 | 14 | 10 | 17 | 95 | 148 |
| notification | 1 | 91 | 92 | |||
| scheme | 12 | 11 | 19 | 16 | 92 | 150 |
| budget | 25 | 25 | ||||
| research | 1 | 128 | 129 | |||
| announcement | 1 | 1 | 31 | 33 | ||
| policy | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1436 | 1450 |
Sources Across Eras
Which official sources contributed data in each government era.
| Source | UPA I | UPA II | NDA I | NDA II | NDA III | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Hindu | 568 | 568 | ||||
| HT | 440 | 440 | ||||
| NDTV | 217 | 217 | ||||
| IE | 180 | 180 | ||||
| BL | 160 | 160 | ||||
| The Hindu Biz | 114 | 114 | ||||
| Archive | 20 | 18 | 27 | 37 | 9 | 111 |
| Bar&Bench | 61 | 61 | ||||
| Historical | 12 | 10 | 5 | 27 | ||
| RBI | 41 | 41 |