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Policy Comparisons

Cross-tabulate policy activity across government eras, sectors, types, and sources

Data coverage caveat: These comparisons reflect policies available in digital archives, not total policy output. Pre-2014 eras (especially UPA I & II) are significantly underrepresented because government digital portals have limited historical archival. Higher numbers in NDA eras do not necessarily mean more policymaking — they reflect better digital availability. Read full methodology

Government Era Overview

UPA I Congress-led UPA 32 policies tracked 2004–2009
UPA II Congress-led UPA 28 policies tracked 2009–2014
NDA I BJP-led NDA 32 policies tracked 2014–2019
NDA II BJP-led NDA 37 policies tracked 2019–2024
NDA III BJP-led NDA 1898 policies tracked 2024–Present

Sectors Across Eras

Policy activity heatmap — darker cells indicate more policies tracked in that sector during that government era.

Sector UPA IUPA IINDA INDA IINDA III Total
Social Protection 10 5 4 4 1351 1374
Digital & Technology 2 4 6 5 1314 1331
Energy 3 2 2 5 410 422
Governance & Reform 7 15 11 13 210 256
Civil Liberties 4 6 2 1 234 247
Finance & Economy 3 6 14 5 179 207
Health 5 5 2 160 172
Transport & Infrastructure 2 3 2 158 165
Education 5 3 1 5 121 135
Labour & Employment 4 3 2 3 94 106
Agriculture 2 3 2 3 76 86
Defence & Security 1 3 68 72
Science & Innovation 3 1 5 63 72
Trade & Commerce 2 2 4 7 48 63
Climate & Environment 4 3 4 51 62

Policy Types Across Eras

Distribution of legislation, schemes, notifications, and other policy types across government terms.

Type UPA IUPA IINDA INDA IINDA III Total
legislation 12 14 10 17 94 147
notification 1 88 89
scheme 12 11 19 16 100 158
budget 16 16
research 1 88 89
announcement 1 1 101 103
policy 7 3 2 2 1411 1425

Sources Across Eras

Which official sources contributed data in each government era.

Source UPA IUPA IINDA INDA IINDA III Total
The Hindu 446 446
HT 243 243
DC 190 190
NDTV 175 175
Archive 20 18 27 37 9 111
Bar&Bench 72 72
BL 68 68
PIB 66 66
IE 60 60
The Hindu Biz 59 59

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