PolicyDhara

Yoga Day celebrations are being organised across nearly 2,500 locations worldwide, with participation from more than 210 Indian missions and posts

At IMAGE, a total of 750 participants including 450 beneficiaries, 122 employers and industry association representatives participated

Mr. Thackeray calls for starting ‘Operation Lotus’ in response to ‘Operation Tiger’ allegedly carried out by the Shiv Sena to lure six of its nine Lok Sabha MPs into its fold and refuted allegations his party was likely to merge with the Congress

The top court observed that the lack of a steady client base and limited remuneration in the early years of practice often result in acute financial hardship

“As a national party, Congress must be bold not only in confronting BJP but also in dealing with the opportunistic allies”

The court declared that the right to walk is fundamental flowing from the guarantees of free movement, expression, assembly, association, and the right to life.

Targeting the UBT faction, Eknath Shinde said that those suggesting certain parties should merge with Congress should first introspect about their own declining strength.

Union culture secretary Vivek Aggarwal will take over from United Kingdom national Giles Thomson, who has held the position since July 1, 2025.

With strategic backing, paddy straw-based CBG can transform a recurring crisis into a sustainable opportunity for India.

Trust, transparency and quality are no longer differentiators in this market, they are the bare minimum

Courtroom 14 of the Karnataka High Court on Friday saw an exchange between the Bench and the Bar on persisting concerns about overcrowding in the courtroom.Justice M Nagaprasanna asked advocates to suggest solutions to tackle the problem, after concerns were raised that lawyers often find it difficult to move and find seating because of overcrowding, particularly in the latter half of the workday. Senior Advocate KN Phanindra flagged the lack of space and chairs to accommodate such a crowd and o

The Delhi High Court recently acquitted a man convicted in a 1983 murder case for allegedly shouting the words “Maro Sale Ko” during a fatal altercation inside a DTC bus, holding that the phrase by itself was insufficient to establish a common intention to kill [Mukesh Kumar v. State of Delhi]. A Division Bench of Justices Navin Chawla and Ravinder Dudeja observed that the word “maro” may mean to beat and not necessarily to kill, while extending the benefit of doubt to the accused, one Mukesh Ku

Addressing a press conference, Savitha says primary objective is to ensure a dignified and financially secure life for handloom weavers and handicraft artisans

The Director General of Police, the Home Minister, and the Chief Minister cannot escape responsibility for ‘collapse of accountability’, he says

NEET UG 2026 Re-Exam: According to the instructions issued by the agency, the reporting time for candidates will be from 11am to 1:30pm, while the entry gate will close sharply at 1:30 pm.

The rise of Chief Minister Vijay's TVK in Tamil Nadu forced many parties to change their strategies and alliance calculations.

MEA said in a statement that the comments made by Asif Ali Zardari were “particularly absurd given Pakistan’s own abysmal record on human rights”.

Pawanraje Nimbalkar, a Congress leader, also happens to be the father of Om Raje Nimbalkar, one of the alleged rebel MPs.

J.J. Jenifer, who has been preparing for the civil services examination with the goal of becoming an IAS officer, cleared the TNPSC Group I examination this year

Modi addressed the Indian diaspora earlier in the day and said India is emerging as a "trusted partner" to the world

S.D. Sanjay is currently ASG of India representing union government in the Supreme Court

“Energy reforms especially in renewable energy, become important particularly in the context of the increased geo-political risk and their spillovers into the economy”

The current financing is also aligned with the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) India has with the World Bank until 2031.

Forex traders said the rupee opened on a positive note with oil prices remaining supportive and foreign inflows improving. The overall bias remains positive for the rupee

The Supreme Court declined an urgent hearing on NEET-UG 2026 petition, citing stress among candidates amid concerns over exam integrity and preparation time.

On May 29, the Supreme Court directed the Centre to file an affidavit in a pending case and detail how and in what manner the NEET examination would be conducted

Dismissing the matter, the Bench said the plea was founded on "vague, wild and casual allegations" and lacked any reliable material on record.

A citizen's fundamental right to walk on a demarcated footpath is primary and shall have priority over movement by motorised vehicles, the Supreme Court said.

The Karnataka High Court on Friday quashed criminal proceedings initiated against Karnataka Chief Minister DK Shivakumar in a case alleging that he shared a morphed image of a protest staged by leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) [D K Shivakumar v. State of Karnataka].Justice M Nagaprasanna allowed Shivakumar's petition and set aside the proceedings initiated against him.Justice M NagaprasannaAppearing for Shivakumar, Advocate HV Praveen Gowda contended that offences under Sections 153A,

The Central government on Friday told the Delhi High Court that the social media posts and reports of over 75 judges and Union ministers travelling to London to participate in a Badminton event are "completely false and misleading".Solicitor General Tushar Mehta appeared for the government and argued that the photographs circulating on social media depicting Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant, Justice Vikram Nath and Union ministers Arjun Ram Meghwal and Kiren Rijiju playing badminton are f

NyayAssist, a Mumbai-based artificial intelligence platform built for India’s advocates, law firms and law schools, has begun rolling out more than ten major upgrades to its platform through June. The company says the release is not a feature sprint, but a measured effort to strengthen the one thing legal technology cannot do without: trust.On June 3, 2026, the Supreme Court of India published draft Regulations for Use of Artificial Intelligence in Courts, 2026, prepared under the aegis of its A

The Supreme Court on Friday held that the right to walk on safe, demarcated footpaths is a fundamental right, and will take priority over the movement of vehicles [Maniyar Iliyaz @ Shaik Riyaz & Anr. v P Ayyappan & Ors.].A Bench of Justice PS Narasimha and Justice AS Chandurkar noted this right flows from the freedoms guaranteed under Articles 19 (which includes freedom of movement) and 21 (right to personal rights and liberty) of the Constitution.Framing pedestrian access as a constitut

The West Bengal government on Friday told the Calcutta High Court that the participation of State employees in the International Yoga Day programme on June 21 in Kolkata is not mandatory. The State Coordination Committee of the West Bengal Government Employees had moved the Court challenging the Chief Secretary's order asking all officers and employees of the State government to participate in the International Yoga Day Programme on June 21. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to lead the

The Badminton Association of India (BAI) has approached the Delhi High Court seeking the removal of fake news that several dozen judges participated in a government-sponsored badminton tournament in London earlier this month. Senior Advocate Apoorv Kurup mentioned the matter before Justice Tejas Karia for urgent listing today. Kurup said that the viral fake news that judges allegedly participated in a badminton tournament in London is becoming viral day by day and gives the sport

The Delhi High Court on Friday upheld the Central government's decision to temporarily ban the instant messaging platform Telegram ahead of the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test undergraduate (NEET-UG) re-exams.Justice Tejas Karia pronounced the verdict this morning."R1 (Government) was empowered under Section 69A to direct blocking of access to Telegram. Test of proportionality is satisfied ... The government's measures are least restrictive. It cannot be held that the order is disproporti

CJI Surya Kant says claim that records in an urgent matter went missing is a ‘very serious matter’ that warrants scrutiny

Top court refuses to entertain a plea by an accused facing multiple cyberfraud cases seeking the clubbing of multiple criminal cases and the grant of bail; society’s interest is there only when you are inside jail and not outside, it says

Justices S.M. Subramaniam and N. Senthilkumar say artificial intelligence cannot teach integrity and morality to students

Top court notes that the January 5 judgment denying bail to Umar Khalid and Sharjeel Imam, which the HC had relied on to reject the accused’s bail pleas, has since been referred to a larger Bench

The High Court of Karnataka has directed the State government to examine the feasibility of formulating a comprehensive policy and regulatory framework governing the establishment, operation and supervision of homestays

Gade Sai Krishna, who was picked up by the police a month ago, is yet to return; family members seek judicial probe, say the police should produce him before A.P. High Court

The court, however, called for affidavits by all parties to examine the larger question of whether the Speaker acted within the ambit of his powers while recognising the LoP.

The notice is issued in a petition moved by the SIT against the anticipatory bail granted to the accused by the District and Sessions Court, Alappuzha

While it promises relief from sanctions on Iranian oil sales, it also opens the possibility of Iran asserting a formal role in managing transit through the Strait of Hormuz and potentially charging fees for passage

CUET UG Result Live Updates: According to the official document, the merit list will be prepared by participating universities and organisations for Undergraduate admissions.

The Supreme Court allows IPS officer D Roopa Moudgil to access phone records in her defamation case against IAS officer Rohini Sindhuri over alleged affair claims.

The Supreme Court called cyber criminals "parasites," asserting that harsh penalties are necessary to protect society from fraud and keep them imprisoned.

The Supreme Court’s draft AI Regulations go well beyond existing precedents from other countries. But a few critical areas still need addressing.

The Calcutta High Court on Thursday asked the State government to respond to a petition challenging the mandated participation of employees in the International Yoga Day programme on June 21. Justice Amrita Sinha asked the State counsel to seek instructions and listed the matter for hearing on Friday.Justice Amrita SinhaThe State Coordination Committee of the West Bengal Government Employees has moved the Court challenging the West Bengal Chief Secretary's order asking all officers and employees

The Madras High Court has refused relief to an MBBS graduate whose course completion and degree certificates were withheld by Chettinad Academy of Research and Education after the National Investigation Agency (NIA) seized ₹1.13 crore paid towards her fees over an alleged Maoist funding link.A single judge of the Court had earlier rejected her plea for a direction to the college to issue her Course Completion Certificate and MBBS Degree Certificate without insisting on a repayment of fees.On Jun

This comes a day after Lionel Messi’s team member wrote to the police accusing Mr. Biswas for the fiasco at the event

J&K L-G Manoj Sinha began firing employees after provisions of Article 311 were amended in 2020; under the amended rules, no departmental inquiry is required to sack an employee; around 86 employees have been terminated so far

Bench of CJI Surya Kant and Justice V. Mohana terms proposals “innovative”, but observes that creating a comprehensive national database will require the participation of law universities.

The Premium FAR scheme, introduced under Section 18-B of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, does not violate Articles 14, 21, or 300A of the constitution, says the Bench

CUET UG Result Live Updates: According to the official document, the merit list will be prepared by participating universities and organisations for Undergraduate admissions.

The US-Iran Memorandum of Agreement appears to tilt heavily in Iran's favour.

According to local sources, the attack took place in the Sahebpara area under Karimpur-II Block while BJP workers were returning home

Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the 10th edition of VivaTech in Paris along with French President Emmanuel Macron

Most fans could not see Argentine footballer Messi despite purchasing tickets priced between ₹4,500 and ₹18,000

Speculation of division within Akhilesh Yadav's Samajwadi Party has emerged amid turmoil in other major opposition parties TMC and Shiv Sena-UBT.

Kedar Attia is a French-Algerian artist whose works tend to investigate the impact of western modernism and colonialism on non-Western cultures.

The top court takes suo motu cognisance of newspaper reports highlighting the dire conditions in which they are living

The petition claims that ‘infiltrators and illegal immigrants’ are able to obtain Aadhaar cards and project themselves as ‘lawful residents’

Tenor 2-day Notified Amount (in ₹ crore) 50,000 Total amount of bids received (in ₹ crore) 22,284 Amount allotted (in ₹ crore) 22,284 Cut off Rate (%) 5.26 Weighted Average Rate (%) 5.26 Partial Allotment Percentage of bids received at cut off rate (%) NA Ajit Prasad           Deputy General Manager (Communications)     Press Release: 2026-2027/473

Tenor 2-day Notified Amount (in ₹ crore) 50,000 Total amount of bids received (in ₹ crore) 68,400 Amount allotted (in ₹ crore) 50,016 Cut off Rate (%) 5.26 Weighted Average Rate (%) 5.26 Partial Allotment Percentage of bids received at cut off rate (%) 70.32 Ajit Prasad           Deputy General Manager (Communications)     Press Release: 2026-2027/471

Jammu & Kashmir CM demands statehood and “a timeline and parameters on which it will be decided; he says ‘One Nation One Election’ difficult to implement in a “country as diverse as ours”

Division Bench requests a single judge to rehear the issue and pass fresh orders after affording an opportunity to all the parties to file their counter affidavits

The petition claims that ‘infiltrators and illegal immigrants’ are able to obtain Aadhaar cards and project themselves as ‘lawful residents’

That gap between what India's sovereign assets are worth and what they currently earn is central to India's location in the low-middle income bracket.

Riya Kumari Thapa, a daughter of a 1999 Kargil War veteran, was found dead at her home when she did not open her room on Tuesday morning.

NEET UG 2026: The Rouse Avenue Court has permitted Yash Yadav, arrested in connection with the NEET-UG paper leak case and currently in judicial custody, to appear for the re-examination under escort.

Man burnt alive, 4 injured in clash over sand mining dispute in Chhattisgarh

Karnataka Minister Priyank Kharge demands legal framework for RSS, asserting transparency is crucial due to its political influence, despite BJP backlash.

Tamil Nadu's finance minister released a white paper, citing poor finances left by the DMK, but assured no new taxes while proposing administrative reforms.

Congress urges DMK to introspect on electoral defeat instead of criticizing, as tensions rise over statements and accountability within their alliance.

The order was passed by special judge Vishal Gogne of Rouse Avenue Courts, on a plea moved by Yadav, seeking interim bail of 15 days to appear for NEET retest.

The Supreme Court of India intervened to ensure social security and basic amenities for an elderly woman and her blind son in Odisha, addressing their poverty.

The Karnataka High Court declared the arrests of Gameskraft’s founders by the ED illegal, ordering their immediate release from custody.

(Amount in ₹ crore) Auction Results 91-Day 182-Day 364-Day I. Notified Amount 12,000 6,000 6,000 II. Competitive Bids Received       (i) Number 110 68 115 (ii) Amount 32,155.700 13,949.650 31,465.000 III. Cut-off price (₹)/Yield 98.7055 97.3305 94.5422 (YTM: 5.2603%) (YTM: 5.5005%) (YTM: 5.7887%) IV. Competitive Bids Accepted       (i) Number 59 28 3 (ii) Amount 11,400.000 5,700.000 5,700.000 V. Partial Allotment Percentage of Competitive Bids 9.5800 19.

Officials say the attachment was carried out under Section 33 (1) of UA (P) Act, pursuant to the orders of NIA Special Court, Jammu

India's education system an extortion machine, rejection system: Rahul Gandhi at Kota rally

A vacation bench granted liberty to the Centre to file their replies along with supporting documents and posted the matter for further hearing on June 18.

Supreme Court rejects bail plea of cyber fraud accused, calls cyber criminals “parasites” and says society is safer when such offenders remain in jail.

Snigdha Ranjan, head of the RSS's media coordination in Ranchi, alleged that petrol bombs were thrown at the premises.

Kerala clears appointment of integrated financial advisors across departments

The IAF has flown more than 200 sorties over the past four days as part of an effort to deliver NEET UG question papers to examination centres.

Since the Centre may bring the Delimitation Bill as early as the monsoon session of Parliament, it becomes crucial that this bloc of rebel Trinamool MPs, which has promised support to the NDA, gets to vote when the Bills are taken up

The Supreme Court has asked for responses regarding Bihar minister Deepak Prakash's reappointment, questioned as unconstitutional due to electoral requirements.

Supreme Court denies anticipatory bail to Punjab RTI activists for obstructing road work, calling their activism a "new business" and dismissing their claims.

The Supreme Court has paused proceedings in four high courts on challenges to the Transgender Persons Act, seeking to centralize cases to avoid conflicting rulings.

The Supreme Court criticised SBI for harsh loan processing for individuals while leniently approving large loans, urging fairer practices for ordinary borrowers

Tenor 7-day Notified Amount (in ₹ crore) 1,50,000 Total amount of bids received (in ₹ crore) 89,440 Amount allotted (in ₹ crore) 89,440 Cut off Rate (%) 5.26 Weighted Average Rate (%) 5.26 Partial Allotment Percentage of bids received at cut off rate (%) NA Ajit Prasad           Deputy General Manager (Communications)    Press Release: 2026-2027/465

Justice G.K. Ilanthiraiyan defers orders on a plea to condone a delay of 839 days in preferring a third party revision against the 2022 acquittal

The petition contended that the existing verification mechanism under Form-6 is inadequate and might allow individuals without proper supporting documents to be included in the electoral database

The author said the Chief Minister’s governance and long-term planning could be compared with leaders such as Lee Kuan Yew and Jacinda Ardern

Trinamool's turmoil is a warning to regional parties that legacy can open the door, but only legitimacy keeps the house from breaking.

Police said Sukdeb alias Sandip, a Kerala resident, was allegedly beaten to death in Kultali on June 9 on suspicion of being a criminal.

Andhra CM unveils book analysing his leadership, decision-making

Priyank Kharge urged the RSS to use its centenary for constitutional reflection, advocating for registration and transparency in its operations.

Pariyathukavu land dispute: Parties sign agreement; Dalit families to get land, houses

India eyes biofertilisers after Mideast war stoked supply fears

The top court has paused proceedings in four high courts on challenges to the Transgender Persons Act, seeking to centralize cases to avoid conflicting rulings.

The Supreme Court on Tuesday sought the response of the Central and State governments as well as the Election Commission of India (ECI) on a petition seeking directions to ensure that Aadhaar is used solely as proof of identity and not as proof of citizenship, domicile, address or date of birth.A Bench of Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant and Justice V Mohana issued notice on the petition filed by Advocate Ashwini Upadhyay.CJI Surya Kant and Justice V MohanaThe petition contends that the c

As the digital advertising landscape becomes increasingly competitive, the boundary between fair competition and trademark infringement has become blurred. A post-trial final judgment of the Delhi High Court passed in two suits filed by Hindware addresses a fundamental and contentious issue in this domain: Can an advertising platform legally auction a registered, coined and distinctive trademark to the proprietor's direct competitors for use as a backend keyword? This landmark ruling answers tha

The Karnataka High Court on Monday refused to interfere with disciplinary action recommended by the Karnataka Information Commission (KIC) against Bengaluru Development Authority (BDA) Secretary Shivakumar CL [Shivakumar CL v. State Information Commissioner and another].Justice Suraj Govindaraj observed that the officer's conduct deserved to be deprecated and that the Court would not permit any attempt to "hoodwink" it.The judge dismissed Shivakumar's petition challenging the KIC's orders which

The Karnataka High Court on Monday dismissed a petition challenging a compromise decree nearly three years after it was recorded, holding that the litigant had abused the process of law by seeking to resile from a settlement after having accepted its benefits [Chethan Kumar Vs K L Jayaraj and others].Justice Suraj Govindaraj imposed costs of ₹25,000 on the petitioner to be paid to the Karnataka State Legal Services Authority (KSLSA) within four weeks. The Court further ordered that if the amount

As part of the event, participants displayed placards with messages on rights of senior citizens

This will be the PM’s first public appearance in Bengal after he took part in the CM’s swearing in ceremony

Australian High Commissioner says the exercise is an opportunity to strengthen regional interoperability across the Indo-Pacific

The BSF personnel threw acid on one of the victims, disfiguring her face and causing partial loss of vision

The polling for the two seats will take place on June 18; Jharkhand BJP leaders confident of victory

The accused were produced before the court through video conferencing after the completion of their 14-day judicial custody today.

Bengal parliamentary affairs minister Shankar Ghosh took a swipe at Mamata Banerjee for challenging the Bhabanipur results

A 15-day self-enumeration process is underway in Kerala and Nagaland, followed by a field operation starting on July 1 and continuing until July 30, it said.

Shukla said he was an “IAS officer from Noida” and reprimanded the officers for not wearing their caps and not saluting them, police said.

The Enforcement Directorate carried out searches at 11 premises across Delhi, Haryana and Goa on Tuesday (June 16)

The Karnataka High Court on Tuesday declared the arrest of Gameskraft founders Deepak Singh, Vikas Taneja, and Prithviraj Singh by the Directorate of Enforcement (ED) to be illegal and directed their release from jail [Deepak Singh v Directorate of Enforcement and connected matters].Justice M Nagaprasanna pronounced the verdict today. "Writ petitions are allowed. Arrest of these petitioners is declared contrary to law. As a consequence thereof the petitioners shall be set at liberty forthwith. T

Prakash Raj and Sonam Wangchuk protested in Bengaluru against India's education system irregularities, urging for reforms and judicial intervention.

The Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court directed Akash Delison’s father to receive the body by 5 p.m. on Monday (June 15, 2026), adding that otherwise, the State would be directed to dispose of it

Since the Centre may bring the Delimitation Bill as early as the monsoon session of Parliament, it becomes crucial that this bloc of rebel Trinamool MPs, which has promised support to the NDA, gets to vote when the Bills are taken up

The Outer Port Limit area in the Sultanate of Oman has emerged as one of the most sensitive and high risk zones for merchant vessels, particularly vessels with Indian or Indian-interest tankers, the Forward Seamen’s Union of India says

The Supreme Court senior advocate was asked about the rebels' merger plans.

Last year, 14,161 candidates were shortlisted for the Civil Services (Main) Examination, 2025 against 1,087 notified vacancies.

The Supreme Court clarified that the votes MLAs cast in the election will be subject to the outcome of the proceedings in the high court

RTI activism has become new business, says SC; refuses anticipatory bail to activist

Police cited an investigation and said Sukdeb alias Sandip was a guest of Hiralal Das, a migrant worker in Kerala

The bench issued notice to the ECI, Prakash, the Bihar government and the cabinet secretary on a plea challenging minister’s reappointment and continuance under Article 164(4) of the Constitution

Bills introduced in Parliament based on the Ram Nath Kovind committee report to hold simultaneous elections for Lok Sabha and State Assemblies. Referred to Joint Parliamentary Committee for detailed examination.

Comprehensive bill to replace the Aircraft Act 1934, modernising India's civil aviation regulatory framework. Addresses drone regulation, air navigation services, and enhanced safety provisions for the growing aviation sector.

Amendments to the Disaster Management Act 2005 to establish a comprehensive disaster database, create Urban Disaster Management Authorities, and improve coordination mechanisms between central and state disaster management bodies.

Proposed amendments to the Waqf Act 1995 to improve governance and transparency of Waqf properties. Introduces digitisation of Waqf records, representation of women and non-Muslims on Waqf boards, and provisions for dispute resolution.

Three new criminal laws replacing the Indian Penal Code (1860), Code of Criminal Procedure (1898/1973), and Indian Evidence Act (1872). Introduced modern provisions for organised crime, terrorism, and technology-enabled justice delivery.

Comprehensive overhaul replacing the Indian Telegraph Act 1885 and Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act 1933. Introduces spectrum assignment by auction or administratively, biometric verification for SIMs, and regulatory sandbox provisions.

Market-based mechanism to incentivise environmental actions through tradeable Green Credits across eight areas including tree plantation, water management, sustainable agriculture, and waste management.

Reserves one-third of seats in Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies for women, with sub-reservation for SC/ST women. To be implemented after delimitation exercise following the next Census.

India's first standalone mediation law to promote and facilitate mediation for dispute resolution. Establishes Mediation Council of India, provides for community mediation, and gives statutory recognition to mediated settlement agreements.

India's first comprehensive data protection legislation governing the processing of digital personal data. Establishes Data Protection Board, defines data principal and fiduciary rights and obligations, and provides for significant penalties.

Decriminalised 183 offences across 42 central Acts to promote ease of living and doing business. Replaced imprisonment with monetary penalties and compounding for minor regulatory non-compliance offences.

Amendments to strengthen the regulatory framework for power distribution, promote renewable energy, and enable delicensing of distribution for increased competition. Introduces provisions for payment security mechanism.

Integrated multimodal infrastructure planning platform using GIS-based tools to coordinate projects of 16 ministries. Rs 100 lakh crore plan covering highways, railways, airports, ports, waterways, and logistics infrastructure.

Consolidated 29 central labour laws into four codes: Wages, Industrial Relations, Social Security, and Occupational Safety. Aimed to simplify compliance, extend social security, and improve ease of doing business.

Amended the Citizenship Act 1955 to provide a path to citizenship for persecuted religious minorities (Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, Christians) from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan who arrived before December 2014.

Revoked the special autonomous status of Jammu & Kashmir under Article 370, bifurcated the state into two Union Territories: J&K (with legislature) and Ladakh (without legislature). One of the most significant constitutional changes in Indian history.

Criminalised instant triple talaq (talaq-e-biddat) with up to three years imprisonment and fine. Declared the practice void and illegal, providing maintenance and custody rights to affected Muslim women.

Enables confiscation of assets and properties of economic offenders who flee India to avoid criminal prosecution. Applies to offences involving amounts of Rs 100 crore or more.

India's biggest indirect tax reform unifying over a dozen central and state taxes into a single nationwide tax. The 101st Constitutional Amendment and four GST Acts created a unified national market for goods and services.

India's most significant indirect tax reform, replacing 17 central and state taxes with a unified GST. Required constitutional amendment. Implemented through Central GST, State GST, and Integrated GST with a GST Council for cooperative federalism.

Overnight withdrawal of 86% of currency in circulation to combat black money, counterfeit currency, and terror financing. Led to rapid growth of digital payments and formalisation of the economy, though debated for its economic impact.

Unified insolvency resolution framework replacing multiple overlapping laws. Established NCLT as adjudicating authority with time-bound resolution (180+90 days) for corporate insolvency, improving India's ease of doing business.

Comprehensive insolvency resolution framework consolidating existing laws. Created NCLT/NCLAT for resolution, IBBI as regulator, and Insolvency Professionals. Set strict 180-day timeline for resolution. Transformed India's credit culture.

Established state-level Real Estate Regulatory Authorities to protect homebuyers, promote transparency, and ensure timely delivery of real estate projects. Required registration of all projects and agents, escrow for buyer funds.

Provided legislative backing for the Aadhaar project, defining it as proof of identity for receiving subsidies, benefits, and services. Passed as a money bill. Established data protection and authentication framework.

Established Real Estate Regulatory Authorities in each state to protect homebuyers and promote transparency. Mandated project registration, escrow accounts for 70% of funds, and penalties for delays.

Gave statutory backing to Aadhaar as a tool for targeted delivery of subsidies and services. Established UIDAI as a statutory authority with data protection provisions and authentication framework.

Comprehensive initiative to transform India into a digitally empowered society with three pillars: digital infrastructure, digital governance, and digital literacy. Umbrella programme covering e-governance, broadband, and digital services.

Established the Lokpal (federal anti-corruption ombudsman) and required states to appoint Lokayuktas within one year. Covers the Prime Minister, ministers, and MPs with jurisdiction over corruption complaints.

Established the institution of Lokpal at the central level and Lokayuktas at the state level to inquire into allegations of corruption against public functionaries including the Prime Minister (with safeguards).

Replaced the colonial Land Acquisition Act of 1894 with provisions for fair compensation (2-4x market value), mandatory consent of landowners, social impact assessment, and rehabilitation of displaced families.

Replaced the colonial-era Land Acquisition Act of 1894. Required consent of 80% of landowners for private projects and 70% for PPP projects, social impact assessment, enhanced compensation (2-4x market value), and mandatory rehabilitation.

Comprehensive overhaul of corporate governance law replacing the Companies Act 1956. Introduced mandatory CSR spending (2% of net profit), class action suits, one-person companies, and enhanced auditor accountability.

Comprehensive overhaul of corporate law replacing the Companies Act 1956. Introduced mandatory CSR spending (2% of net profits for qualifying companies), class action suits, one-person companies, and enhanced corporate governance norms.

Legislation to protect women from sexual harassment at workplace, mandating Internal Complaints Committees in organisations with 10+ employees, defining sexual harassment, and establishing complaint and redressal mechanisms.

Comprehensive reform of criminal law on sexual offences enacted after the 2012 Delhi gang rape. Widened the definition of rape, introduced new offences like stalking, voyeurism, and acid attack, and enhanced penalties.

Centrally sponsored scheme to strengthen Panchayati Raj institutions by building capacities of elected representatives and functionaries. Aimed to improve local governance, accountability, and devolution of powers to gram panchayats.

Pioneered electronic transfer of government subsidies and benefits directly to beneficiary bank accounts using Aadhaar authentication. Aimed at reducing leakages, eliminating middlemen, and improving targeting of welfare schemes.

Launched to transfer subsidies directly to beneficiary bank accounts linked to Aadhaar, reducing leakages and middlemen. Initially covered LPG subsidy (PAHAL), scholarships, and MGNREGA wages. Later expanded massively under NDA government.

India's last Five Year Plan targeting 8% GDP growth with emphasis on health, education, and sustainable development. Introduced focus on governance improvements and the shift towards outcome-based monitoring.

First Aadhaar number issued to a resident of Tembhli village, Maharashtra on 29 September 2010. Marked the operational launch of the world's largest biometric identity programme, crossing 100 crore enrolments by 2016.

Established the National Green Tribunal for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection, conservation of forests, and enforcement of environmental legal rights. One of few dedicated environmental courts globally.

Establishment of UIDAI under Nandan Nilekani to issue unique 12-digit identification numbers (Aadhaar) to all residents of India. Became the world's largest biometric ID system, later underpinning Direct Benefit Transfer and digital governance.

Established UIDAI to issue 12-digit unique identification numbers (Aadhaar) to all Indian residents. First Aadhaar number issued in September 2010. Became the world's largest biometric identification system.

Planning Commission blueprint targeting 9% GDP growth with focus on inclusive development, education, health, and rural infrastructure. Emphasised bridging divides between rural-urban and rich-poor populations.

Policy framework to address displacement caused by development projects, providing rehabilitation packages to affected families. Aimed to minimise displacement and ensure resettlement with dignity.

Strengthened protections for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes against caste-based atrocities. Enhanced penalties, established special courts, and provided for rights of victims during investigation and trial.

Civil law to protect women from domestic violence including physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and economic abuse. Provided for protection orders, residence orders, and monetary relief. Extended protection to all women in domestic relationships.

Landmark transparency legislation empowering citizens to request information from public authorities, replacing the Freedom of Information Act 2002. Widely regarded as one of the strongest accountability tools in Indian democracy.

Landmark transparency legislation giving citizens the right to access information from public authorities. Established Information Commissions at central and state levels. Widely regarded as one of the most significant governance reforms in Indian democracy.

Legislation to institutionalise fiscal discipline by setting targets for reducing fiscal deficit to 3% of GDP and eliminating revenue deficit. Established a framework for responsible fiscal management by the central government.

Comprehensive legislation consolidating laws relating to generation, transmission, distribution, and trading of electricity. Introduced open access, delicensed generation, created regulatory commissions, and laid groundwork for power sector reform.

Established legal framework to prevent money laundering and provide for confiscation of property derived from laundered money. Created Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND) and empowered Enforcement Directorate.

Established the Competition Commission of India (CCI) to prevent anti-competitive practices, regulate mergers and acquisitions, and promote competition in Indian markets. Replaced the MRTP Act.

India's first comprehensive cyber law providing legal recognition for electronic commerce, digital signatures, and establishing cybercrime penalties. Created the legal framework for India's digital economy.

Constitutional amendment that gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions, mandating regular elections, reservation for SC/ST and women (one-third), and devolution of powers to local self-government bodies across rural India.

Constitutional amendment providing constitutional status to urban local bodies (municipalities), mandating regular elections, reservation for SC/ST and women, and decentralisation of urban governance.

Established SEBI as a statutory regulatory body to protect investor interests, regulate the securities market, and promote the development of the stock exchange. Key institution for India's capital market development.

Finance Minister Manmohan Singh introduced sweeping economic reforms dismantling the License Raj, opening India to foreign investment, reducing import tariffs, and initiating privatisation of state-owned enterprises. This fundamentally transformed India's economy from a closed, state-controlled model to a market-oriented one.